The Red Badge of Courage
by
Stephen Crane
Reader-Response Questions
by Ron Weightman
Contact Mr. Defer
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Chapter One
- What army was seen upon a riverbank at the
novel's opening?
- What was the general reaction to Jim Conklin's
rumor? A) despair B) arguing C) complaining D) fright
- When Mrs. Fleming said, "'Henry, don't you be
a fool,'" she was attempting to persuade Henry not to A) follow in
his father's footsteps. B) join the army. C) dream so much about
heroic deeds. D) be a coward in conflict.
- On his way to Washington, which food was not
served? A) bread and cold meats B) coffee C) pickles and cheese D)
chocolate cake and ice cream.
- What was Henry's reaction to veterans? A) He
believed them. B) He suspected them. C) He confided in them. D) He
reported them.
- Jim's response to Henry's question about
running in the face of battle indicated that Conklin could A)
stretch the imagination. B) pontificate with pride. C) calculate
the future. D) speculate upon options.
- To conclude that all "untried men possessed
great and correct confidence" was A) an assertion made by loud
Wilson. B) a belief held by tall Jim Conklin. C) a tenant espoused
in the Civil War training manuel. D) an assumption on Henry's
part.
- Cite and explain the animal metaphor in
chapter one.
- What was one of Henry's "new laws of life." A)
to look out, as far as he could, for his personal comfort B) to
win the mental, mathematical argument for holding steadfast C) to
show his mother he was a man D) to show the sun-tanned,
philosophical lot that Yanks were not scum bags
- Henry's mother relied on whom to take care of
similar women in her plight? A) men who hadn't joined the army B)
the Lord C) city folk D) tithings from soldier
paychecks
- What "reality of war" was Henry learning from
his army experiences? A) Hurry up and wait.
B) Winning the internal war of courage over "fear and shame" were
requisites to facing battle in a real war. C) Uniforms were cool
to wear, especially in a procession. D) Idealistic patriotism
would be met with contempt. E) He was not alone in his
self-wonderment about running.
Chapter Two
- Upon discovering the falsehood of the
moving-out scuttlebutt, why was Henry not relieved? A) Delays
meant a postponement in the test to his courage. B) Waiting
shredded the spirit. C) He would have to bond with his comrades.
D) He would have to listen to Wilson.
- What were the "red eyes" from across the
river? A) Confederate camp fires across the Rappahannock. B)
veteran red coats from the American Revolution. C) morning torches
across the Hannarappa River. D) angry Confederate soldiers taking
early-morning aim with blood-shot eyes.
- Which animals were mentioned twice? A) dragons
and monsters B) monsters and cranes C) dragons and serpents D)
serpents and monsters
- T/F: The colonel shared a cigar with the
messenger horseman.
- Henry's despondency was connected to what? A)
listening to rumors B) drilling C) the ambivalence caused by his
internal conflict D) moving away from the river
- T/F: Catcalls were shouted and whistles were
blown toward the farm-house young woman because of her pretty
legs.
- Which character used "lick," "thump," and
"skeddadle" as part of his lexicon?
- Which was not a part of Henry's nostalgia? A)
memory of laboring with farm animals B) the barn C) the house D)
memory of his temper E) fondness toward parents
- Henry proved to be what? A) a wizard with
weapons B) a mental outcast C) incapable of demonizing his plight
D) quite the poker player
- The internal bidding at the chapter's end
alluded to what? A) the time soldiers would be awoken B) the
rhetorical bet cast out by the loud one C) the number killed in
the first skirmish D) the number of days necessary for innermost
warfare to subside
Chapter Three
- Why were there "perspiration and
grumblings"?
- Why were veteran regiments "small aggregations
of men"?
- Which term or phrase did not synonymously pair
up with the other two? A) mob B) moving box C) merciless
government
- What was "the Question"?
- T/F: When feeling corraled and hearded, Henry
twisted the fact of his enlistment and began to blame the
government for his imagined slaughter.
- Who first mentioned "that there was denoted a
lack of purpose on the part of the generals"?
- Why was the youth anxious to enter
battle?
- As Henry scrambled up a bank expecting to see
a battle scene, which feeling did he possess? A) cowardice B)
curiosity C) courage D) contempt
- From examining the level of "ardor" in chapter
one with the level of "ardor" in chapter three, which one moved
like a thermometer from hot to cold? Explain.
- Which event occurred first? A) the exchange of
letters from the loud soldier to Henry B) the dialogue about
useless walking
- T/F: The chapter ended with Wilson apologizing
for having kicked Henry awake earlier in the morning.
- Similar to what occurred in Chapter Three,
where battle was viewed from a hilltop, give a contemporary
example where battle was viewed from afar.
Chapter Four
- Why did the Union troops in the field of
battle begin running toward the reserves?
- What caused a shower of pine
needles?
- A thousand wee and invisible axes were
compared to what?
- T/F: Henry became known to the captain of the
company because the youth bandaged the lieutenant's wounded
hand.
- Which word best characterized the impact of
the officers' words and actions upon the target soldiers? A)
precise B) effective C) ineffective D) imprecise
- By the chapter's end, Henry was determined to
get a view of what?
- The haze through which the reserves saw a
friendly regiment engaging the enemy represented what?
- The blue line saw in its approaching comrades
the look of A) fortitude B) wild terror C) intense commitment D)
benign stubbornness
Chapter Five
- Who were the "brown swarm of running men"? A)
attacking Rebels B) members of the circus C) dusty deserters D)
back-up troops
- Wondering if he (Henry) had loaded his weapon
was an example of A) agoraphobia B) claustrophobia C) anxiety D)
paranoia
- Concluding that Henry shot before the captain
yelled "fire" would be A) a mistake B) an inference C) a proven
fact D) an in-depth analysis.
- In the following passage, which set of words
are an example of alliteration? "There was a consciousness always
of the presence of his comrades about him. He felt the subtle
battle brotherhood more potent even than the cause for which they
were fighting. It was a mysterious fraternity born of the smoke
and danger of death."
- T/F: The sounds of fire forced the youth to
contemplate amputating himself from his regiment.
- What contemporary weapon would have subdued
Henry's rage?
- Which one died? A) the lieutenant B) the
soldier who couldn't reload his piece C) the captain D) the color
guard
- Which part of nature offers the best
opportunity for comparing the flow of the battle? A) stars B)
mountain tops C) shore line D) canyons
- A "dirty smile" bore what?
- Fallen bodies from the sky was an image used
to reinforce what effect?
- Noting the color of red in the victory flags
of Union troops was followed by what? A) a positive connotation B)
a negative connotation
- The chapter ended with what observation about
nature? A) Nature was angry with man. B) Nature was impervious to
man's fiendishness. C) Nature was personified as a caring mother.
D) Nature was depicted as a stern father.
- Why didn't Henry kill any Confederate soldiers
in Chapter Five?
- The battle scene in Chapter Five depicted man
as what? A) a mob without a purpose B) a sputtering motor about to
stall C) a mechanical machine with each part working D) a mountain
of heroes
Chapter Six
- Why did the luster fade from the eyes of the
men in the 304th?
- Endurance, skill, and valor were
exaggeratingly attributed to whom?
- Henry's retreatful running was compared to all
but A) a rabbit B) a chicken C) a blind man D) a wounded dog E) an
insane sprinter
- What objects did the youth leave
behind?
- What were Henry's two opinions of the brigade
that "was hurrying briskly to be gulped into the infernal mouths
of the war god"?
- T/F: Henry's prediction of impending doom for
the back-up brigade turned out to be false.
- Why was the general in a carnival of
joy?
- The action of the chapter followed what
pattern for the soldiers who stayed and fought? A) reprieve,
engagement, rejoice B) relief, remorse, rejection C) joy,
amazement, defeat D) victory, failure, victory
- T/F: The Rebels were defeated by a red and
green monster.
Chapter Seven
- Justifying fleeing because of impending
annihilation was an example of what? A) rationalization B)
realization C) recognition D) remonstration
- By seeing himself under "iron injustice,"
Henry saw himself as a what? A) victor B) smart soldier C) victim
D) champion
- T/F: The youth felt his punishment fit the
crime.
- "He conceived Nature to be a ________ with a
deep aversion to tragedy." woman
- What literary technique did Crane employ by
attributing feelings to nature? A) Alliteration B) Personification
C) Magnification D) Detachment E) Irony
- The actions of what creature were used to
elevate and align the youth's actions with the laws of
nature?
- What comment about life can be made from the
actions of the ants?
- "After a time he paused, and, breathless and
panting, listened. He imagined some strange voice would come from
the dead throat and squawk after him in horrible menaces." Were
the voice to have materialized and spoken uninterruptingly without
reply, it would have been what? A) monologue B) dialogue C)
catalog to courage D) boulevard back to battle
- Whether in battle or in the forest chapel,
what was there to greet Henry?
Chapter Eight
- What effect did the panther-like clashing of
the two armies have upon Henry?
- Battle was compared to what? A) colored
apparel B) a wave upon a rock C) two bolts from Zeus clanging one
another D) a grinding machine
- "He must go close and see it produce
________."
- "In this place the youth felt that he was an
______. This forgotten part of the battleground was owned by the
dead men, and he hurried, in the vague apprehension that one of
the swollen forms would rise and tell him to
________."
- The forgotten spot where Henry encountered
____ corpses was not a place where he would longingly look into
their eyes as he did with the other dead ____ soldier. A) three,
Confederate B) four, Rebels C) five, Union D) six, New
York
- "One [of the wounded] was swearing
that he had been shot in the arm through the commanding general's
________ of the army."
- The torn bodies of the injured that the youth
joined were part of what? A) an extension of war B) an extended
metaphor C) the juxtaposition of opposites D) the clarity of a
simile
- T/F: Henry was quick to exchange stories of
battle with the tattered man.
- For Henry to double his speed away from the
one with two wounds was an example of what? A) a defense mechanism
B) passive avoidance C) active engagement D) a subtle
invitation
- Fidgeting with his button was an indicator of
what? A) external shame B) internal anxiety C) external uneasiness
D) internal peace
Chapter Nine
- At the beginning of the chapter, which emotion
did Henry feel? A) guilt B) pride C) waxy D) terrific
- "At times he regarded the wounded soldiers in
an envious way. He conceived persons with torn bodies to be
peculiarly happy. He wished that he, too, had a wound, a ________
of courage."
- What caused other wounded soldiers to shift
their attention away from the youth?
- As indicated from Jim Conklin's "shaking
whisper," of what was he afraid?
- Whose "eyes rolled in the wilderness of his
terror"?
- Which word was not used to describe Jim's
condition? A) paste B) stone C) dull D) dazed
- Explain "He was at the
rendezvous."
- Internet question: The movie Alien had a scene
depicting similar contortions to those of Jim's, where it appeared
"an animal was within and was kicking and tumbling furiously to be
free." Could the movie be shown on a high school campus without
parental and district consent? Explain.
- What creature(s) killed Jim Conklin? A) wolves
B) alligators C) man D) Southern Rebels E) the green monster F)
the beast of mismanagement
- The imagery at the chapter's end depicted
what? A) man's indifference B) nature's indifference C) the sun's
intolerance D) that nature, too, could paste a mirror image of
man's unsweetened plight
- Explain the meaning of new red blood. Jim's
wound wouldn't coagulate and heal on its own.
- T/F: After seeing Jim's grey-lipped smile on
his dead face, Henry turned toward the battlefield with
rage.
Chapter Ten
- What did the tattered man mean by referring to
Jim as a "reg'lar jim-dandy"?
- Who said, "'...we might as well begin t' look
out fer ol' number one'"?
- Which occurred? A) Pea soup was consumed. B)
The youth buried Jim's body without help. C) The tattered man
gained insight into the direction from which Henry had come. D)
Henry's internal wounds were tended.
- Why were "the simple questions of the tattered
man" like "knife thrusts" to Henry?
- Explain the irony of the arrows?
- Why couldn't Henry smile in chapters nine and
ten?
Chapter Eleven
- Which men did Henry envy most? A) the men with
the mass of wagons B) the forward-going column of infantry C)
slain soldiers D) angry, animal-like men
- Why were rifles "extraordinarily profuse"?
Explain.
- What killed Henry's courage to fight
again?
- "A certain ____ quality within him kept him in
the vicinity of the battle."
- When did Henry imagine lying to his
companions? A) before the worm and moth B) in between the worm and
moth C) after the worm and moth D) when the worm became the
moth
- T/F: The youth contemplated the personal
advantages of a Union loss.
- T/F: The youth could not find a good excuse to
give his regiment.
- That Henry imagined himself as the brunt of
derogatory gossip made him worry about becoming a
what?
- How would a moral vindication help Henry wear
the sore badge of dishonor?
- Why would a Union victory doom the youth's
life to isolation?
Chapter Twelve
- Some of the infantry men stampeded in retreat
like ____ ____.
- Finally, Henry's head wound came from
what?
- Why was Henry afraid to move
rapidly?
- To escape head pain, Henry reminisced about
all but what? A) his mother's cooking B) swimming in a shaded pool
C) Conklin's painful death
- Who was the drunken man?
- T/F: The red animal of war had its fill with
the cheery man's blood.
- Who joined the fray?
- Henry was guided in the dark of night back to
his what?
- T/F: The cheery man's magic wand was actually
a compass.
Chapter Thirteen
- Paragraph one revealed Henry's what to be
down? A) defensive guard B) night vision C) memory of purpose D)
rifle
- T/F: The black and monstrous figure was a
wandering Rebel behind enemy lines.
- T/F: Henry lied to the loud
Wilson.
- The corporal's words indicated what? A) that
Wilson's letters weren't lost after all B) that more wayward men,
or deserters, were returning to the regiment C) that the witche's
prophecy was all wrong D) that their maps were good
enough
- T/F: The corporal and the nurse knew that the
youth really hadn't been grazed by a bullet.
- Wilson put what on Henry's head?
- Similar to what he had done in Chapter ____,
Henry began fumbling with his coat buttons whenever he was nervous
about the truth piercing his lie.
- Which term best characterized Wilson's
behavior toward Henry? A) caring B) callous C) concerned D)
cautious
- Why was Henry not put into an ambulance wagon
and taken to the hospital?
- T/F: The men circling the fire symbolized
buzzards 'bout to pick away at Henry's cover up.
Chapter Fourteen
- Upon waking, the youth felt he was in the
house of the A) somber B) sullen C) tortured D) dead
- Henry saw the sleeping soldiers as what? A)
ready to rise and squawk at the officers B) ready to rebend the
sun's rays C) ready to silence the drummer and bugel boy D) a
prophecy of their future positions and conditions
- Wilson's reaction to Henry's protest was what?
A) persistent calmness B) perturbed friendliness C) gregarious
silence D) silent fortitude
- Henry noted all of the following changes in
Wilson except which? A) better at cooking meat on a stick B) not
so pompous about his physical prowess C) less irritated by
trivialities D) more inner strength to help others
- What was "tinsel courage"?
- Which soldier had "climbed a peak of
wisdom"?
- Which soldier felt the Union troops handled
the Rebels pretty rough yesterday?
- T/F: Wilson motioned toward the Pacific to get
arguing soldiers to move away westward and not disturb the peace
before the war.
- Why did Wilson think the Rebels had killed
half his regiment?
- What lies did the youth let live in Wilson's
head?
Chapter Fifteen
- How did the youth use Wilson's letters? A) for
insight B) for reflection C) as leverage D) as an
anecdote
- Which was not true about Henry's imagination
of himself? A) He felt confident his mistakes in the dark would
not be exposed to judges. B) He felt his flight of foot was
dignified and different from other deserters. C) He felt feverish
about viewing war from afar. D) He felt he could face the dragons
of war.
- T/F: Henry returned Wilson's letters without
hammering home comments about Wilson's prior weakness or fears or
incorrect intuitions.
- Why did Henry feel pity toward Wilson's
shame?
- Which character exemplified the power of the
mind to be dishonest with oneself? A) the molested B) Henry C)
Wilson D) females falling for war stories
Chapter Sixteen
- Which phrases were synonymous? A) deep sleep
and fog-filled air B) dull popping and curtains of trees C)
terrific fracas and stupendous wrangle D) firing in the fog and
thudding sound
- Internet question: Based on "'All quiet on the
Rappahannock,'" in which state was Henry entrenched?
- What flew like birds? A) bullets B) rumors C)
bayonets D) canon balls
- Who "were yelling shrill and
exultant"?
- The sarcastic man pierced the youth after
Henry complained of what? A) marching B) hell-roosters C)
inaccurate rifles D) lunkhead generals E) fallacious
maps
- What effect did the sarcastic man's comment
have upon Henry?
- With regard to seemingly mindless marching and
ill-clad plans of victorious attacks, Henry lodged complaints
viewing the troops as all but what? A) dogs in a cage B) kitten in
a bag C) chased rats D) tangled up in briers
- T/F: At the forthcoming muzzle flashes, the
youth proclaimed to the distant enemy, "Bring on the music, you
jackasses."
Chapter Seventeen
- The opening paragraphs revealed Henry to be
all but what? A) in agreement with Wilson's view B) angry about
the foe's fighting resolve C) angry about not being able to rest
and contemplate D) in the middle of being hunted like an
animal
- Were it available, which weapon would the
youth have preferred to bring about "abominable cruelties" with
"an engine of annihilating power"? A) Glock B) knife C) bow and
arrow D) hatchet E) uzzi F) shotgun
- Similar to Henry's view of the fighting
troops, what contemporary animals have been tossed into a pit for
a death struggle?
- T/F: Strong feelings still remained after the
youth imagined his rifle to be an impotent stick.
- Which side behaved like a wounded
snake?
- T/F: Henry ceased firing because he was
thirsty.
- What connotation did "war devil"
have?
- Which term was not attributed to Fleming? A)
pagan B) barbarian C) insect D) knight E) beast F) hero G) cats H)
dog
- T/F: Some soldiers wore the black smudge of a
Catholic on their foreheads so as not to be pagans against faith
on Ash Wednesday.
- Why did the lieutenant exclaim, "'Hot work!
Hot work!'"?
- Which thought would NOW take opposition
to?
Chapter Eighteen
- Who was inches away from joining Jim
Conklin?
- Why did Henry join Wilson's water
run?
- T/F: Not finding the stream, Henry took the
opportunity to chide Wilson for his lame-brain idea.
- From the way Wilson and Henry saw it, which
object might produce the same effect as did the bright steel
bayonets? A) stakes B) mirror C) uniform D) boots E)
saddle
- What were slinking through the woods? A)
wounded men and other stragglers B) lieutenants trying to catch
deserters C) generals trying to catch lieutenants D) Rebels from
the rear
- Why did the two foot soldiers exchange
"glances of astonishment"?
- T/F: Wilson and Henry, without contemplating
desertion, "hurried back to the line."
- After being yelled at by their lieutenant,
Henry and Wilson told him that their regiment will what? A) sweep
right B) sweep left C) forge forward into the guts of the enemy D)
charge
- The man with "a final objection" asked what
kind of question? A) a reasonable one B) an unreasonable one C) a
cowardly question D) a courageous question
- T/F: As usual, while "many tightened their
belts carefully and hitched at their trousers," the youth began
fidgeting with his button.
- Henry and Wilson displayed what character
trait as they were poised to attack? A) fright B) courage C)
obstinance D) elasticity
- T/F: The shaggy man reaffirmed a part of the
commander's opinion about the attack.
Chapter Nineteen
- How did Henry's regiment begin their
advance?
- How was Henry's face described during the
initial stages of his advancing endeavor? A) drawn hard and tight
B) glazed and uncertain C) relaxed and confident
- What shape did the regiment form during part
of the advance? A) circle B) oval C) triangle D) square E)
pyramid
- T/F: Henry was able to avoid being struck by
one of the yellow flames.
- What happened to the size of Henry's
regiment?
- What initiative did the lieutenant
display?
- How did Henry respond to being grabbed by the
lieutenant?
- After successfully dodging bullets like a
football player, what did Henry [and Wilson] grab with
stalwart pride?
- T/F: The female goddess prevented the color
sergeant's head from thumping harshly on the battle ground.
Chapter Twenty
- To which side did the "dejected remnant"
belong?
- Regarding carrying the flag, which soldier was
at greater risk?
- Why did the youthful lieutenant "swear with
incredible power"?
- State two synonymous phrases used to describe
the Union retreat.
- T/F: Henry hated the man who called his troops
"mule drivers" more than he hated the enemy.
- What were "a hundred flames"?
- Why did the soldiers run "hither and thither"
instead of in a straight line to safety?
- That Henry saw seemingly "new" enemy uniforms
meant what?
- Which line first indicated a Union victory in
this particular skirmish?
- To what did "impossible proportions"
refer?
- T/F: "A hoarse cheer of elation broke from
their dry lips" because "they were men."
Chapter Twenty-one
- Why were the men nervous while they returned
to the blue lines?
- How was reference to "mother"
used?
- When Henry reflected upon the old position,
what did he conclude?
- What were Henry's views toward his war
performance?
- Why couldn't Henry revel in self-satisfaction
for very long?
- T/F: The lieutenant stood up for his men and
the way they fought.
- That Henry had a "tranquill philosophy" during
"these moments of irritation" indicated what?
- T/F: The colonel and the youthful lieutenant
exchanged words of praise for both Fleming and Wilson for bravely
being at the front of the charge.
- Who "exchanged a secret glance of joy and
congratulation" toward the other?
- Explain: "The past held no pictures of error
and disappointment."
Chapter Twenty-two
- How did Henry feel when another attack began?
A) exhausted B) weary C) serene self-confidence D)
Invincible
- T/F: The opposing infantry, especially while
toiling personally in the "pitiless monotony of conflicts," were
incognizant of the national reasons for the Civil War.
- The "lighter-hued regiments" were
who?
- What was "rolling thunder" and why did it
irritate friendly troops?
- Which occurred during the "riotous surges"? A)
monotonous slithering B) maniacal yelling C) cautious dashing D)
reserved lunges for covering
- T/F: The positioning of the "color of cloth"
didn't always indicate who was winning.
- "When assaulted again by bullets," the blue
troops did what? A) advanced with determination B) retreated with
wisdom C) cowered like turtles D) tossed their bayonets as a last
resort
- T/F: As a spectator to the battle, Henry's
vibrating flag symbolized the jitters he felt within.
- The "flock of bullets" was mentioned within
the context of portraying Union soldiers as what? A) sheep who
would only fire upon command B) geese who had the overview above
the smoke C) wild wolves following the alpha dog D)
self-determined striking soldiers
- Memory of being called "mud diggers" had what
effect upon the infantry men?
- "Arrows of scorn" had what effect upon
Henry?
- T/F: Extravagant bleeding sometimes led to
twisted bodies.
- Wilson's "powder-smeared" face was not enough
to hide what? A) his valor B) his anger C) his tranquility D) his
wound
Chapter Twenty-three
- In paragraph two, "the shouts" referred to
what? A) Wilson's protest B) the soldiers' grumblings against new
orders C) the officers' disenchantment with the colonel's order to
attack D) the officers' orders to charge
- T/F: The soldiers' scampering clearly
indicated a lack of courage.
- How did Henry lead the electrifying assault?
A) with reserved energy for the confrontation B) with tamed
enthusiasm C) with wild and daring fervor D) with reluctant
desires to crash against "the gates of the
impossible."
- The individuals who "wheeled" were doing what?
A) turning to fire as they retreated B) attacking in groups of
four C) driving their comrades to stake a stand against the blue
line D) running in circles
- How did the charging cheers change? A) They
became impersonal. B) They became less intense. C) They became
more forceful. D) They became more intimate.
- T/F: Henry sprang like a panther and captured
the enemy flag.
- Tossing caps and hats into the air indicated
what?
- Which prisoner summoned the wrath of the gods
upon his captors? A) victim one B) victim two C) victim three D)
victim four
- T/F: The prisoner who displayed the most
inquisitiveness was also glad to hear human voices.
- Which containee had regret for his loss of
freedom and "the right to antagonize"? A) prisoner one B) prisoner
two C) prisoner three D) prisoner four
- Settling down on the side of the fence they
chose signified what?
- What was the significance of "long
grass"?
Chapter Twenty-four
- What did the purple and gold colors
connote?
- How did Henry contend with the haunting ghosts
from his past?
- If it were true that Henry changed his soul by
changing himself, what change allowed Henry to move from turmoil
to tranquility?
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Mr. Ronald Weightman
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